NAPLES -
NAPOLI
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Political history
Archaeological history
3
- Modern Time : spanishs and borbones
Under the viceroys, Naples passed
from 100.000 to 300.000 inhabitants, at the second place after Paris to
Europe. Most important of them was Pedro Alvarez of Toledo: he engaged
an important work and supported research, but at the same time improved
the conditions of Naples opening the principal lane which bears its
name even today, paving some streets, reinforcing the walls, setting up
new buildings and reconstituting the old ones.
With the 16th and 17th centuries, Naples placed large artists like Caravage, Salvator Rosa and Bernini, and philosophers like Bernardino Telesio, Giordano Bruno and Tommaso Campanella, authors like Gian Battista Marino, being confirmed among the most important capitals of Europe.
All the constraints of an increasingly over-populated city burst in July 1647, when the legendary Masaniello, carried out crowd in a violent rebellion against the foreign mode. The Neapolitan ones declared a Republic and required from France its support, but the Spaniards removed the insurrection in April of the following year and have demolished two attempts of French unloading. In 1656 the plague killed almost half of the inhabitants of Naples, beginning one period of decline.
During the Spanish War of succession, Austria conquered Naples and maintained there until 1734, when with Charles III of Bourbon - after the Polish war of succession - the kingdom becomes independent again. Under Charles III, Naples becomes one of the principal European capitals.
The Spaniards of Habsbourgs were replaced by the Vienneses, and in 1734 the two kingdoms were plain under a crown independent (Utriusque Siciliarum) above the head of Charles Bourbon.
Charles renovated the city with the villa of Capodimonte and the Theatre of San Carlo, and placed philosophers such Giovani Battista Vico and Antonio Genovesi, the lawyers Pietro Giannone and Gaetano Filangieri, and the type-setters Alessandro and Domenico Scarlatti.
The work of Charles (who in 1759 gave up Naples to protect the crown of Spain) was continued by his son Ferdinand IV, who trying to contain the revolutionary currents and the French troops in 1799.
The first king of the Chamber of the Bourbons tried to present some legislative and administrative reforms, but they were stopped with the arrival of the first news of the French revolution which reached the city. Ferdinand IV made party of a coalition anti-France, as well as England, Russia, Austria and Portugal.
The population of Naples at the beginning of the 19th century was most of the time consisted in a mass of the people, who were called the lazzari and were lived under extremely poor conditions, supported by a strong royal bureaucracy and the elite of the landowners.
With the 16th and 17th centuries, Naples placed large artists like Caravage, Salvator Rosa and Bernini, and philosophers like Bernardino Telesio, Giordano Bruno and Tommaso Campanella, authors like Gian Battista Marino, being confirmed among the most important capitals of Europe.
All the constraints of an increasingly over-populated city burst in July 1647, when the legendary Masaniello, carried out crowd in a violent rebellion against the foreign mode. The Neapolitan ones declared a Republic and required from France its support, but the Spaniards removed the insurrection in April of the following year and have demolished two attempts of French unloading. In 1656 the plague killed almost half of the inhabitants of Naples, beginning one period of decline.
During the Spanish War of succession, Austria conquered Naples and maintained there until 1734, when with Charles III of Bourbon - after the Polish war of succession - the kingdom becomes independent again. Under Charles III, Naples becomes one of the principal European capitals.
The Spaniards of Habsbourgs were replaced by the Vienneses, and in 1734 the two kingdoms were plain under a crown independent (Utriusque Siciliarum) above the head of Charles Bourbon.
Charles renovated the city with the villa of Capodimonte and the Theatre of San Carlo, and placed philosophers such Giovani Battista Vico and Antonio Genovesi, the lawyers Pietro Giannone and Gaetano Filangieri, and the type-setters Alessandro and Domenico Scarlatti.
The work of Charles (who in 1759 gave up Naples to protect the crown of Spain) was continued by his son Ferdinand IV, who trying to contain the revolutionary currents and the French troops in 1799.
The first king of the Chamber of the Bourbons tried to present some legislative and administrative reforms, but they were stopped with the arrival of the first news of the French revolution which reached the city. Ferdinand IV made party of a coalition anti-France, as well as England, Russia, Austria and Portugal.
The population of Naples at the beginning of the 19th century was most of the time consisted in a mass of the people, who were called the lazzari and were lived under extremely poor conditions, supported by a strong royal bureaucracy and the elite of the landowners.
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