NAPLES -
NAPOLI
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Political history
Archaeological history
4
- Neapolitan Republic
When in January the 1799, french
revolutionary troops entered the city they were helped by a minor part
of the middle-class, but had to face a strong resistance on behalf of
the lazzari, which were strongly a monk and did not understand the new
ideas.
The republic tried to receive the popular support by removing the feudal privileges, establishes in 1799 on the model of the French Republic had a short but intense life, not meeting however never the popular favour, for which their intellectuals were very remote knowledge and real needs of the people.
The Republic moreover, though not recognized by France, was in fact subordinate to a "dictatorship of French war" which limited autonomy and forced it to constantly support the considerable expenses of the French Army out of weapons on its territory.
To this, a very strong repression against the opponents of the new mode was added who did not certainly help to conquer popular sympathies (some sources speak of more than 1500 people condemned to died afterwards of the synopses "political lawsuits" in all the Kingdom).
The mass of the people rebelled and in June the 1799 republicans went. The Admiral Horatio Nelson ordered the execution of their Chiefs Francesco Caracciolo, Mario Pagano, Ettore Carafa.
Anyway, the Republic was swept after a few months by the armies of oneself-saying "the lazzari" (the popular Neapolitan ones - borbonici) ordered by the laic cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, supported by the English fleet. It partly reconquers Naples by Ferdinand, which was however marked by repression faces with the partisans of the Neapolitan Republic, followed approximately hundred executions.
Few time later, anyway, in 1806, Naples was conquered again by French (in spite of the anglo-Neapolitan victory of Maida, in Calabria). The war continued until to 1808 when all the continental part of the Kingdom was conquered and placed under control of Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon.
In 1811 the king Joachim Napoleon Murat, large town planner, made the School of the corps of the engineers of the Highways Departments, which was constituted like polytechnic School higher than the beginning of the XXth century for then being joined together at the current university Federico II while becoming, in 1935, the first faculty of Studies of engineers in Italy.
Murat created municipal authorities carried out by a mayor, which is left almost intact by Ferdinand in 1815 when it regains his kingdom.
Murat survived a little to Napoleon and was expelled by the Bourbons, he tried an unloading in Calabria to reconquer the kingdom, while finishing shot. In 1815 the kingdom returns in the hands of Ferdinand of Borbon, with the Restoration after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
The republic tried to receive the popular support by removing the feudal privileges, establishes in 1799 on the model of the French Republic had a short but intense life, not meeting however never the popular favour, for which their intellectuals were very remote knowledge and real needs of the people.
The Republic moreover, though not recognized by France, was in fact subordinate to a "dictatorship of French war" which limited autonomy and forced it to constantly support the considerable expenses of the French Army out of weapons on its territory.
To this, a very strong repression against the opponents of the new mode was added who did not certainly help to conquer popular sympathies (some sources speak of more than 1500 people condemned to died afterwards of the synopses "political lawsuits" in all the Kingdom).
The mass of the people rebelled and in June the 1799 republicans went. The Admiral Horatio Nelson ordered the execution of their Chiefs Francesco Caracciolo, Mario Pagano, Ettore Carafa.
Anyway, the Republic was swept after a few months by the armies of oneself-saying "the lazzari" (the popular Neapolitan ones - borbonici) ordered by the laic cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo, supported by the English fleet. It partly reconquers Naples by Ferdinand, which was however marked by repression faces with the partisans of the Neapolitan Republic, followed approximately hundred executions.
Few time later, anyway, in 1806, Naples was conquered again by French (in spite of the anglo-Neapolitan victory of Maida, in Calabria). The war continued until to 1808 when all the continental part of the Kingdom was conquered and placed under control of Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon.
In 1811 the king Joachim Napoleon Murat, large town planner, made the School of the corps of the engineers of the Highways Departments, which was constituted like polytechnic School higher than the beginning of the XXth century for then being joined together at the current university Federico II while becoming, in 1935, the first faculty of Studies of engineers in Italy.
Murat created municipal authorities carried out by a mayor, which is left almost intact by Ferdinand in 1815 when it regains his kingdom.
Murat survived a little to Napoleon and was expelled by the Bourbons, he tried an unloading in Calabria to reconquer the kingdom, while finishing shot. In 1815 the kingdom returns in the hands of Ferdinand of Borbon, with the Restoration after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
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